Phishing and social engineering are among the most common and effective methods used by cybercriminals. These techniques are designed to steal users' sensitive information or manipulate them for malicious purposes. Phishing typically occurs through fake emails, websites, or messages, while social engineering encompasses broader psychological manipulation and fraud methods. Phishing attacks are often carried out through seemingly legitimate emails or messages. Cybercriminals impersonate reputable organizations or financial institutions, tricking users into believing they are dealing with a genuine situation and prompting them to provide personal information or login credentials. These deceptive messages manipulate users by diverting their attention with urgent situations, account security threats, or promises of rewards, encouraging them to make quick decisions. On the other hand, social engineering involves manipulating targets to obtain information or access. This often involves establishing a type of trust relationship or exploiting weaknesses within an organization. For example, an attacker may masquerade as someone employed within the target organization and emotionally influence them to disclose sensitive information. Phishing and social engineering pose serious threats to both individuals and organizations' cybersecurity. These types of attacks can lead to data breaches, financial losses, and damage to corporate reputation. Additionally, such attacks can result in the theft or misuse of personal and corporate information targeted by cybercriminals. There are several ways to protect against these types of attacks. Firstly, it is important to educate users and raise awareness about recognizing phishing attempts. Additionally, security awareness and training programs should be conducted, and security measures should be continuously updated. Organizations should also implement strong security measures such as multi-factor authentication and educate users about cybersecurity best practices. In conclusion, phishing and social engineering are the bane of cyber crimes and represent a serious threat that individuals and organizations must be vigilant against. By increasing security awareness and implementing effective security measures, it is possible to protect against these types of attacks.